1. it和that的用法

两者都可替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”，均表特指，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。如：

①The Parkers bought a new house but ________will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A. they          B. it            C. one            D. which

解析：答案选B。it替代 “the + house”，指的就是前面提到的the Parkers所买的那座新房子。

②Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.

A. some         B. any          C. that        D. those

解析：答案选C。that替代the pleasure，指与前面提到的同属“快乐的事”。

2. 替代词one的用法

one用以替代“a＋单数可数名词”，表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that；the one复数形式the ones，在口语中也常用those代替；当后面有of短语时，一般用that或those，当有前置修饰语时，只能用one(s)，如the red one。one(s), the one(s), those, that都是替代“同类”事物，其中只有that可替代不可数名词。如：

①We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ________ from some wood we had.

A. it          B. one         C. himself         D. another

解析：答案选B，one替代a cupboard。

②Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except ________who had already taken them.

A. the ones          B. ones            C. some          D. the others

解析：答案选A，后面的定语从句是特指，the ones替代 the pupils。此处也可用those。