一、名词或代词作介词宾语
Are you interested in history? 你对历史感兴趣吗?
Don’t worry about it. 别为它担心。
【说明】若是人称代词用作介词宾语,要注意用宾格。如:
No one can sing like her. 没有人能像她那样唱歌。(不能用like she)
二、动名词作介词宾语
He is good at telling stories. 他善于讲故事。
In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。
三、过去分词作介词宾语
We can’t regard the matter as settled. 我们不能认为这事已经解决。
I take it for granted you have read the book. 我以为你读过这本书。
【说明】过去分词用作介词宾语通常只见于某些固定结构中,如上面第1句涉及regard…as(认为…是)结构,第2句涉及take sth for granted(认为某事属实)。在其他情况下,介词后通常不直接跟过去分词作宾语,若语义上需要接过去分词(表被动),可换用“being+过去分词”:
He went out without being seen by the others. 他出去了,没有被其他人看见。
四、从句作介词宾语
He was not satisfied with what she said. 他对她说的不满意。
I’m worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。
【说明】介词后通常不接that从句,遇此情况需考虑用其他结构:
误:He paid no attention to that she was poor.
正:He paid no attention to the fact that she was poor. 他根本不注意她很穷这一事实。
但有个别介词(如except)可接that从句。比较:I know nothing about him except that he lives next door. / I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door. 我只知道他住在隔壁,其它的就不知道了。
五、不定式作介词宾语
I had no choice but to wait. 除了等,我没有别的选择。
He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿。
They did nothing but complain. 他们老是一个劲地抱怨。
He never did anything but watch TV. 除了看电视,他从不干任何事。
【说明】1.介词后接不定式的情形通常只见于but, except等极个别词。该不定式有时带 to,有时不带 to,其区别是:若其前出现了动词 do,其后的不定式通常不带 to;若其前没有出现动词 do,则其后的不定式通常带 to。
2. 介词后虽然通常不直接跟不定式作宾语,但却可接“连接代词(副词)+不定式”结构:
He gave me some advice on how to do it. 对于如何做这事他给我提了些建议。