英语里有一些连接副词,这类具有连接作用的副词又叫做准连词。
besides 此外
I am too tired to go; besides, it's too late.
我很累不能去,此外,天色也晚了。
hence 因此
My mother is by herself; hence I must go home now.
我妈妈独自一人在家,因此我现在必须回去了。
meanwhile 与此同时
Mother went shopping; meanwhile I cleaned the house.
母亲去购物,与此同时我打扫房间。
moreover 此外
Bicycling is good exercise; moreover, it won't pollute the air.
骑自行车是一种很好的运动,此外,还不污染空气。
then 此外,还有
I was there; then there were my mother and father.
我在那儿,此外,我的爸爸妈妈也在那儿。
therefore 因此
I think; therefore I am.
我思故我在。
thus 因此
It's late, and thus you must go.
天晚了,因此你必须走。
下面来看几个连接副词在作副词和连词时的区别:
However
however 作副词时,可位于形容词/副词之前:
You couldn't earn much, however hard you worked.
无论你干得多卖力,你都挣不了多少钱。
however 作连词时通常意为“但是”,可位于它所引导的从句之前或之后,或位于第一个词或短语之后:
I'll offer it to Tom. However, he may not want it. / He may not want it however. / Tom, however, may not want it.
我将提出把这个给汤姆,然而他可能不要它。
但提到两句意义相反的话时,however意为“但是/仍然/同样”:
They hadn't trained hard, however ( / but / nevertheless / all the same) they won.
他们并没有刻苦训练,但/无论如何/仍然/同样获胜了。
Otherwise
otherwise 作为副词时常常位于动词之后:
It must be used in a well-ventilated room. Used otherwise it could be harmful.
必须在通风条件好的房间里使用。如不这样使用则可能是有害的。
otherwise 作连词时意为“要是不/否则”:
We must be early; otherwise we won't get a seat.
我们得早点去,否则我们就没有座位了。