that用作替代词主要用于替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”,表特指。如:
A dog’s intelligence is much greater than that of a cat. 狗的智慧比猫的高得多。
A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。
those用作替代词主要作于替代复数名词,表特指。如:
It’s up to us to help those in need. 我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。
It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。
Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。
注:替代词that与代词it的用法不同,it主要指前面提到的“同一”事物,而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。同样地,替代词those与代词they用法也不同,they主要指前面提到的“同一”事物,而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。